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An Archaeological Theory Suggesting The Possible Inﬂuence From Outside On Our Mathematics Based

On A Rudimentary Theory Of Everything

Ian Beardsley

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Important To Point Out One can speak of the structure of the long term structure of the solar system.

The whole object of developing a theory for the way planetary systems form is that they meet the

following criterion: They predict the Titius-Bode rule for the distribution of the planets; the distribution

gives the planetary orbital periods from Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation. The distribution of the

planets is chieﬂy predicted by three factors: The inward forces of gravity from the parent star, the outward

pressure gradient from the stellar production of radiation, and the outward inertial forces as a cloud

collapses into a ﬂat disc around the central star. These forces separate the ﬂat disc into rings,

agglomerations of material, each ring from which a different planet forms at its central distance from the

star (they have widths). In a theory of planetary formation from a primordial disc, it should predict the

Titius-Bode rule for the distribution of planets today, which was the distribution of the rings from which

the planets formed.

Also, the Earth has been in the habitable zone since 4 billion years ago when it was at 0.9 AU. Today it is

at 1AU, and that habitable zone can continue to 1.2 AU. So we can speak of the distance to the Earth over

much time. The Earth and Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago. As the Sun very slowly loses mass over

millions of years as it burns fuel doing fusion, the Earth slips microscopically further out in its orbit over

long periods of time. The Earth orbit increases by about 0.015 meters per year. The Sun only loses

0.00007% of its mass annually. The Earth is at 1AU=1.496E11m. We have 0.015m/1.496E11m/

AU=1.00267E-13AU. So,

The Earth will only move out one ten thousandth of an AU in a billion years. Anatomically modern

humans have only been around for about three hundred thousand years. Civilization began only about six

thousand years ago.

The unit of a second becomes important in my theory. We got the second from the rotation period of the

Earth at the time the moon came to perfectly eclipse the Sun. The Moon slows the Earth rotation and this

in turn expands the Moon’s orbit, so it is getting larger as the Earth loses energy to the Moon. The Earth

day gets longer by 0.0067 hours per million years, and the Moon’s orbit gets 3.78 cm larger per year.

That is as the Earth’s day gets longer and the lunar orbit grows larger, we got the second at the time that

the Earth day was what it is during the epoch when the Moon perfectly eclipses the Sun, 24 hours.

The near perfect eclipse is a mystery in the sense that it came to happen when anatomically modern

humans arrived on the scene, even before that, perhaps around Homo Erectus and the beginning of the

Stone Age. The Earth day was 18 hours long, long before that, 1.4 billion years ago. Homo Erectus is

around two to three million years ago. In our theory, we suggest conditions for life may be optimized

when the earth day is about 24 hours long, what it is today, because the earth day of 24 hours has a

characteristic time of 1 second in our theory to be presented.

(1.00267E − 13AU/year)(1E 9years) = 0.0001AU

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List of Constants, Variables, And Data In This Paper

(Proton Mass)

(Proton Radius)

(Planck Constant)

(Light Speed)

(Gravitational Constant)

1/137 (Fine Structure Constant)

(Proton Charge)

(Electron Charge)

(Coulomb Constant)

(The Author’s Solar System Planck-Constant)

(Earth Mass)

(Earth Radius)

(Moon Mass)

(Moon Radius)

(Mass of Sun)

(Sun Radius)

(Earth Orbital Radius)

(Moon Orbital Radius)

Earth day=(24)(60)(60)=86,400 seconds. Using the Moon’s orbital velocity at aphelion, and Earth’s

orbital velocity at perihelion we have:

(Kinetic Energy Moon)

(Kinetic Energy Earth)

: 1.67262E − 27kg

: 0.833E − 15m

h : 6.62607E − 34J ⋅ s

c : 299,792,458m /s

G : 6.67408E − 11N

α :

: 1.6022E − 19C

: 8.988E 9

ℏ

⊙

: 2.8314E 33J ⋅ s

: 5.972E 24kg

: 6.378E6m

: 7.34767309E 22kg

: 1.7374E6m

⊙

: 1.989E 30kg

⊙

: 6.96E 8m

: 1.496E11m = 1AU

: 3.844E 8m

K E

(7.347673E 22kg)(966m /s)

= 3.428E 28J

K E

(5.972E 24kg)(30,290m /s)

= 2.7396E 33J

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Introduction

Here I present the basics of a rudimentary theory of everything and explore the archaeological question it

asks, which is whether something from outside, like extraterrestrials, or an ancient lost civilization,

inﬂuenced the development of the mathematics we have today. The theory of everything is like an analog

for the solution of the Schrödinger equation solution of the hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics but for

the Solar System. As well it predicts the radius of a proton. As such it shows a connection between the

macrocosmos and the microcosmos. This connection comes about through a characteristic time of 1

second. Since the second came to us from the ancient Sumerians with their base 60 counting, the

archaeological question of where did the second come from and can it be found in ancient stone

observatories, or megalithic sites in general, and in the Egyptian pyramids, arises. We ﬁnd it can be

thought to, and to these ends we look at theories concerning European megalithic stone circles, ancient

Egyptian pyramids, and the extraordinary site is Turkey (Gobekli Tepe), fairly recently unearthed, which

pushes things back 6000 years into the end of the last ice age. To tie things together we suggest the

possibility of an outside inﬂuence on the development of our mathematics that could be from Graham

Hancock’s controversial Lost Ice Age Civilization, or from extraterrestrial contact in ancient times.

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The Archaeological Questions That Arise From My Atomic and Cosmological Theory

I have put forward a theory for our solar system and the atom’s proton that shows a connection between

the macrocosmos and the microcosmos. It ﬁnds our base unit of a second is actually the characteristic

time common to the Earth/Moon/Sun system and the proton and that the Earth’s Moon plays a pivotal role

in the quantization of mass, length and time. As well, the theory utilizes the condition for the near perfect

eclipse of the Sun by the Moon as seen from the Earth as a condition for optimal habitability in star

systems in general. I found the ground state of our solar system is given by the mass of the Moon and is

given by

Where is my Planck-type constant for the Solar System. is the mass of the Moon, is the

Newtonian constant of gravitation, and is the speed of light. For the proton we ﬁnd its radius has a

characteristic time of one second. I found that

is the radius of a proton, is its mass, is the Planck constant, and is the ﬁne structure constant.

These equations accurately give a radius of the proton as

The most recent value is 0.833E-15m. That value could get smaller The historical value is 0.877E-15m.

This was challenged in 2012 after which time it became 4% smaller. But the size you get depends on how

you do the measurement, I also ﬁnd that The Earth day tempered by the kinetic energy of the Moon to the

kinetic energy of the Earth that quantity times the cosine of the Earth’s tilt (23.5 deg) to put the rotation of

the Earth in its orbital plane, gives a second, suggesting the Earth day of 24 hours, what it is today, is 1

second. That is:

I ﬁnd my Planck-type constant for the Solar system is given by the kinetic energy of the Earth times 1

second:

ℏ

⊙

⋅

= 1secon d

ℏ

⊙

(

6 α

4πh

G c

)

⋅

= 1secon d

ϕ ⋅

π r

G m

⋅

= 1secon d

= ϕ ⋅

= 0.816632E − 15m

K E

(Ear th Da y)cos(θ ) = 1.0secon d s

ℏ

⊙

= (1secon d )K E

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I have computed my Planck-type constant, , as such:

Where 2/3 in the radical replaces as an approximation to the golden ratio. It gives a slightly larger

radius of the proton because the proton size is not precisely deﬁned, rather the proton is a fuzzy cloud of

subatomic particles. It gives 0.88094E-15m. The historical value is 0.877fm. But today it is 0.833E-15m.

We know this value is correct because it works in my hydrogen atom wave equation type of solution for

the kinetic energy of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun, which is

We see again our equations are normalized by the Moon giving the radius of the Sun a size of 400. I have

found that most importantly the angular momentum of the Earth is quantized by a ratio of 60/24=2.5. That

Where the rotational angular momentum of the Earth is given by

You will notice that 2/5=60/24. I say this is most important because the unit of a second ultimately came

to us from the ancient Sumerians, because they divide the day—Earth rotation period—into 24 hours, the

hour into 60 minutes, and the minute into 60 seconds, giving us the duration of our basis unit of

measuring time, the second. We know they divided things up this way because of their base 12, and base

60 counting. 24 they used because they they divided the day into 12 hours and the night into 12 hours,

and 60 they used because it is convenient for doing math because it is evenly divisible by the ﬁrst six

integers 1,2,3,4,5,6. These integers are the most used in the basis of mathematics because they describe

basic geometries fundamental to problem solving. For instance 3 is the triangle, 4 the square, and 6 the

hexagon. The triangle deﬁnes length using the Pythagoras theorem, 4 is the square of the grid in a

cartesian coordinate system, and the regular hexagon has its sides equal to its radii. These three polygons

in their regular form comprise the regular tessellators, which is to say they can tile a surface without

leaving gaps. 2 is duality, and 1 is unity. 5 is the regular pentagon which deﬁnes the golden ratio.

ℏ

⊙

⋅

π r

G m

⋅

= 1.03351secon d s

ℏ

⊙

= (1secon d )K E

eart h

= (1.03351s)(2.7396E 33J ) = 2.8314E 33J ⋅ s

K E

= n

⊙

⋅

2ℏ

⊙

eart h

ℏ

⊙

24 = 60

eart h

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We see in the two equations

that the Earth mass, size (radius), and rotation period is best described by the ancient Sumerian

mathematics based on 12, and 60 as well as the rotational angular momentum that comes from these

elements. We also see the quantization of angular momentum in the Solar system is best quantized by 60

and 24 where 24=2(12) and twelve is the smallest abundant number, meaning it is very divisible for its

size, divisible evenly by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. Abundant means 1+2+3+4+6=16>12. Two times twelve because of

duality, like we could describe the circumference of a circle by 2pi times its radius, or 1 pi by its diameter,

so we could describe the day as 6 hours and the night as 6 hours (at spring solstice) giving a twelve hour

rotation period for the Earth or the day as 12 hours and the night by 12 hours giving a 24 hour rotation

period, which is better in the sense that the hour is shorter giving a system of higher resolution. As it

would turn out, the ancient Sumerians say in their clay cuneiform tablets that they received their

mathematics, writing, and agriculture from the Anunaki, the gods who they say came from the sky. Some

alternative archaeologists have suggested that the Anunaki were an advanced, extraterrestrial civilization.

In fact, as far as we know, The ancient Sumerians were the ﬁrst to settle down from hunting and gathering

to invent writing, mathematics, and agriculture and were responsible for the spread of civilization

throughout the world.

It is at this point that we have to ask: Did extraterrestrials give the Sumerians writing and the sciences,

and indeed metallurgy? Mysteriously, the Sumerians seemed to make the transition to this from hunting,

following the herds, and crafting stones into spearpoint, overnight on an archaeological timescale. Or, is it

that their mathematics optimized our modern physics because their choice of base 12 and base 60 for their

counting was wise in the sense that these numbers have a powerful dynamic behind them that Nature

utilizes? There is a third possibility, and that is that there was an ice age civilization that was advanced,

but mostly destroyed by a cataclysm, and their survivors traveled into the world to reboot civilization.

Traveling ultimately to ancient Egypt, and Sumer. Both these places started civilization at about the same

time which could explain this. This is the theory put forward by Graham Hancock for a lost ice age

civilization that was destroyed by a meteor impact in North America, melting ice sheets during the

Younger Dryas 12,900 years ago that caused massive ﬂoods which are the source of the ﬂood myths in

many cultures. Hancock argues that survivors of this catastrophe passed down knowledge to later cultures

like Egyptians, Maya, and Mesopotamians who all have similar megalithic architecture and myths.

Archaeology can be rewritten. The date for which Native Americans came to the New World keeps

getting pushed back. Gobekli Tepe was systematically excavated in 1995 by Klaus Schmidt in South

Eastern Turkey. Only about 5% of the site has been excavated, but it is a megalithic site with T-shaped

stone pillars with carvings on them, much of animals, but so far no writing. This site puts back the time

that humans built megalithic sites by 6,000 years. What’s more it was built by hunter gatherers and before

its discovery it was believed only post ice-age agricultural civilizations built megalithic sites. It predates

Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids by 7,000 years.

Hancock argues that the sophistication of the architecture, precise astronomical alignments, and intricate

carvings of Gobekli Tepe suggest it was built by a people with advanced knowledge, that may have arisen

from a now-lost civilization. That it was not the beginning of civilization, but the recovery of civilization.

eart h

ℏ

⊙

24 = 60

eart h

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That the carvings were symbols depicting warnings and memories of the cataclysm that brought about

their demise. Enigmatically, the site was buried deliberately about 1000 years after its use. Hancock

suggests this was to create a time capsule that would preserve the knowledge of a forgotten catastrophe.

Alexander Thom (1894-1985) was a Scottish engineer educated at Oxford. Trained as a mechanical

engineer he became interested in megalithic sites and conducted extensive surveys of stone circles for

sites across Britain and France.

He proposed that Neolithic builders of the ancient stone sites in Europe, such as Stonehenge, that aligned

with celestial periods and patterns in the sky used a standardized unit of measurement, which he called the

megalithic yard (MY) which he found to be 2.72 feet or about 0.829 meters. He found that recurrent

throughout the spacing of stones in these ancient, stone observatories was 2.5 megalithic yards. The same

2.5 that equals the 60/24 of ancient Sumerian mathematics that is in our equations for a theory of

everything.

His methods used circular and elliptical geometry to show rough rings were actually designed shapes.

Although his megalithic yard is not universally accepted, his work laid the foundations in archaeology to

quantify patterns rather than rely on qualitative descriptions and to use statistics to determine whether

something was intentional or coincidental. Today archaeoastronomy is a recognized ﬁeld, partly thanks to

his archaeological work on these ancient observatories.

Christopher Dunn is an aerospace engineer with decades of experience in precision manufacturing, laser

technology, and advanced engineering. His technical background greatly inﬂuenced his analysis of the

Great Pyramid of Giza, which lead him to propose that the Giza pyramid was not a tomb, but a

sophisticated machine harnessing energy, acoustics, and harmonic resonance. Mummy’s or burial artifacts

were never found in the King’s Chamber.

He suggests the Giza pyramid was a microwave generator or a resonant energy device. He said it was not

a tomb because it has engineering features too precise and advanced for a tomb. It is known today that the

pyramid’s near-perfect alignment, seamless stone ﬁtting, and mathematical precision (it incorporates pi

and the golden ratio) suggest knowledge beyond what is attributed to the Bronze Age.

His idea was as follows: The Queen Chamber’s shafts—which were thought to be for ventilation, and ran

through the pyramid—were too precisely engineered to be for that. Rather, they mixed chemicals, like

zinc + hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas, which ﬂowed upward. Hydrogen entered the King’s

Chamber, where sound waves from Earth’s vibrations or ritual chants excited the gas, creating standing

waves. The chambers granite rich in quartz converted mechanical energy (piezoelectric conversion) from

vibrations into microwave electromagnetic energy. Microwaves were funneled through the pyramid’s

shafts, focused by its shape, to obelisks that were used as receivers/transmitters for wireless power.

Thus it now becomes a matter of ﬁnding the unit of a second in the ancient Egyptian pyramids and in the

megalithic yard if we want to address the archaeological question put forward by my rudimentary theory

of everything.

The great pyramid’s base side length is about 230.4 meters (440 royal cubits of 0.5236m each). It’s

diagonal is then,

D = 2L = 230.4 × 1.4142 = 325.8m

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The speed of sound in dry air is at 20 deg centigrade 343 m/s. The time for sound to traverse the diagonal

is:

We see the unit of close to a second exists in the Great pyramid in a very fundamental way. For the

megalithic yard, it could have the unit of a second built into it. Some suggest it encodes a second, because

the period of pendulum is related to the length of its swinging rope attached to a weight. Let’s see how

this works. The period of a pendulum is given by its length, L, and gravity at the Earth’s surface, g. We

have;

But, the period of a pendulum is given by a swing right, and back left again. If we take the period to be a

swing right (or left) it is this value divided by two is:

This is close to a second. As it would turn out, the second is naturally a part of humans, the average

human heart beat rate is about once per second. The pendulum above could have been constructed by

adjusting its length such that a swing right or left lasted one heartbeat. The heart beat is biological.

Indeed, in the rudimentary theory of everything that I have, a key component of the biological exists.

I found

is carbon (C)

is hydrogen (H)

Which is to say that six protons, which is carbon, the basis of life as we know it, has a characteristic time

of one second because in the ﬁrst equation above, we have a mass divided by the mass of a proton, times

seconds, giving six protons times a second (6 proton-seconds) which means 6 protons (carbon, the basis

of life) has a characteristic time of one second. This means that 1 proton, hydrogen, has a characteristic

time of six seconds. Hydrogen is the most fundamental element in the periodic table of the elements

which was theoretically created in the so-called big bang that gave birth to the universe, and is the

element from which all of the other heavier elements were made by stars. This six-fold symmetry that is

in hydrocarbons, the skeletons of biological chemistry, is fundamental to deﬁning the periodic table of the

elements because it has been found that the six protons of carbon and their respective charges, interact

with its six electrons, their respective charges, to balance to make carbon the most stable element

mathematically in which to describe the rest of the atoms in the periodic table. This is no doubt related to

t =

325.8

343

= 0.95secon d s

T = 2π

0.829m

9.8m /s

= 1.827444secon d s

T = 0.9137secon d s

6proton s

⋅

4πh

G c

= 1secon d

1proton

⋅

4πh

G c

= 6secon d s

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the regular hexagon, a six-sided polygon which tessellates (tiles a surface without leaving gaps) because it

has its radii equal in length to its sides. This hexagonal tessellating property is used by bees to make their

honeycombs. So we see our theory now goes beyond the atom and the solar system. That it goes to

biological chemistry. But, it does not stop there. It seems to go into cosmology, the study of the origin and

fate of the universe. We see this because my equations link proton properties to 1-second, and protons

were ﬁxed in the universe at 1 second after it, meaning we could be seeing a universal clock that has

inﬂuenced everything since the Big Bang.

I then realized since we were dealing with the Earth, the planet most optimally suited for life in the Solar

System, and thought since this was because the Moon optimizes the conditions for life on Earth by

holding the Earth at its inclination to its orbit around the Sun allowing for the season’s and preventing

temperature extremes, that the Earth perfectly eclipsing the Sun as seen from the Earth had meaning, and

I wrote the conditions for a perfect eclipse, which are the radius of the Sun to the radius of the Moon

equals the orbital radius of the Earth to the orbital radius of the Moon. I then thought this might be a

condition for habitable planets to be optimally successful and wrote it:

Later I used this in my solutions for habitable star systems by spectral type of the stars. So we see we

have the rudiments for a theory of everything that includes astrobiology, the science of not just life on

Earth, but throughout the universe, which includes modeling the celestial mechanics of other star systems,

which our theory does.

To compute the moon’s orbital radius I just use

Where Ag is the molar mass of silver and Au is the molar mass of silver, a connection to the 1.8 that

appears in our Solar System. We use this because we know it works for our Solar System.

This theory has a magical, mystical feel to it in that it involves the condition for the Moon perfectly

eclipsing the Sun as seen from the Earth, the ratio the Solar radius to the lunar orbital radius being in the

ratio of a gold atom mass to a silver atom mass, where gold and silver have been the central metals of

ceremonial jewelry on Earth since ancient times, the Sun gold in color, the Moon silver in color, and in

that the basis unit of time in the theory is the second, which came to us from the ancient Sumerians who

ﬁrst settled down from following the herds, and crafting spearpoints from stone to hunt, to invent

agriculture, architecture, mathematics, and writing.

In order to apply this to other star systems, we have to be able to predict the radius of the habitable planet,

presumably in the n=3 orbit. I found the answer to be in the Vedic literature of India. They noticed that the

diameter of the Sun is about 108 times the diameter of the Earth and that the average distance from the

Sun to the Earth is about 108 solar diameters, with 108 being a signiﬁcant number in Yoga. So I wrote the

equivalent:

planet

moon

star

moon

= R

⊙

⋆

(1.8)

planet

= 2

⋆

planet

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radius of the star. The surprising result I found was, after applying it to the stars of all spectral types

from F through K, with their different radii and luminosities (the luminosities determine , the

distances to the habitable zones), that the radius of the planet always came out about the same, about the

radius of the Earth. This may suggest optimally habitable planets are not just a function of the distance

from the star, which determines their temperature, but are functions of their size and mass, probably

because they are good for life chemistry atmospheric composition, and gravity when they are the size and

mass of the Earth.

Even the protoplanetary disc from which the Solar System formed has encoded in it, the second. I have

found that the pressure gradient of the protopanetary disc, as a function of radius, that gave birth to our

solar system, is given by:

Because the exponent for the disc that gave birth to our planets is thought to have been 2.5. This is the

solution to:

The protoplanetary disc that evolves into the planets has two forces that balance its pressure, the

centripetal force of the gas disc due to its rotation around the protostar and the inward gravitational

force on the disc from the protostar , and these are related by the density of the gas that makes

up the disc. And, ﬁnally, the habitable zone of a star, that distance from the star where life is possible

mostly based on the planet being the right distance from the star where it is not too hot or, too cold to

prevent the planet from having water in its liquid phase, is given by:

is the luminosity of the star, is the luminosity of the Sun. In order to get , the distance of the

habitable planet from the star, we use the inverse square law for luminosity of the star. If the Earth is in

the habitable zone, and if the star is one hundred times brighter than the Sun, then by the inverse square

law the distance to the habitable zone of the planet is 10 times that of what the Earth is from the Sun.

We have to ask, if Egyptian and Mesopotamian (Sumerian) peoples invented civilization at about the

same time, did it come from a common source, like a lost ice age civilization evidenced by Gobekli Tepe,

or, did it come from extraterrestrial visitors? The Egyptians were beyond the Bronze Age sophistication of

the day, the Sumerians tell in their writings that their knowledge came from the Gods who came from the

sky, the Anunaki. Either explanation works. In general, we can say their knowledge perhaps came from an

outside inﬂuence. How did the Sumerians deﬁne the basis unit of time we use today such that it can be

part of a modern physics theory? Did it come from an outside source, or did they tap into a universal truth

that modern physics makes use of? Whatever the case we have found evidence in support of the idea that

the ancient megalithic builders of Neolithic Europe made use of the second, and that the ancient

Egyptians made use of the second, the same second we have as the basis for the rudiments of a theory of

⋆

planet

P(R ) = P

(

)

−

earth

ℏ

⊙

d P

= − ρ

(

⋆

−

)

⋆

planet

⋆

⊙

⋆

⊙

planet

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everything. Is the second a key clue to whether our sciences got kick-started by an outside source like a

lost civilization or extraterrestrials.

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The Author